![]() Glycine is a biosynthetic precursor for porphyrins, purines, creatine, sarcosine, and bile salts is an agonist for glycine-gated chloride channels and a coagonist for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors inhibits protein glycation and increases hepatic production of pyruvate, an effective scavenger of hydrogen peroxide. ![]() Moreover, supplemental glycine has been reported to increase tissue glutathione levels in several animal studies. The fact that urinary excretion of this metabolite is elevated in vegetarians and others consuming relatively low-protein diets strongly suggests that dietary glycine can be rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis in normally fed humans. ![]() When glycine availability is too low to sustain a normal rate of glutathione synthesis, the consequent rise in tissue levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine leads to an increase in urinary excretion of its alternative metabolite 5-L-oxoproline. Tissue glycine levels are lower than the glutathione synthase Michaelis constant (K m) for glycine.
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